SOFTSKILL'S ASSIGNMENT
1. WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
Communication
(from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share") is the activity of conveying information
through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech,
visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. It is the meaningful exchange of
information between two or more living creatures.
One
definition of communication is “any act by which one person gives to or
receives from another person information about that person's needs, desires,
perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may intentional
or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take
linguistic or non-linguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other
modes.”
Communication
requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although the receiver does not
have to be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time
of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time
and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area
of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the
receiver understands the sender's message.
Communicating
with others involves three primary steps:
•
Thought: First, information exists in the mind of the sender. This can be a
concept, idea, information, or feelings.
•
Encoding: Next, a message is sent to a receiver in words or other symbols.
•
Decoding: Lastly, the receiver translates the words or symbols into a concept
or information that a person can understand.
There
are a variety of verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. These include
body language, eye contact, sign language, haptic communication, and
chronemics. Other examples are media content such as pictures, graphics, sound,
and writing. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also
defines the communication to include the display of text, Braille, tactile
communication, large print, accessible multimedia, as well as written and plain
language, human-reader, augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats
of communication, including accessible information and communication
technology. Feedback is a critical component of effective communication.
THERE
IS THREE CATEGORIZE OF COMMUNICATION:
•
Verbal communication :
Human
spoken and pictorial languages can be described as a system of symbols
(sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars (rules) by which the symbols are
manipulated. The word "language" also refers to common properties of
languages. Language learning normally occurs most intensively during human
childhood. Most of the thousands of human languages use patterns of sound or
gesture for symbols which enable communication with others around them.
Languages seem to share certain properties although many of these include
exceptions. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect.
Constructed languages such as Esperanto, programming languages, and various
mathematical formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared
by human languages. Communication is the flow or exchange of information within
people or a group of people.
•
Nonverbal communication :
Nonverbal
communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of
non-word messages. Some forms of non verbal communication include chronemics,
haptics, gesture, body language or posture, facial expression and eye contact,
object communication such as clothing, hairstyles, architecture, symbols,
infographics, and tone of voice, as well as through an aggregate of the above.
Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage. These include
voice lesson quality, emotion and speaking style as well as prosodic features
such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Research has shown that up to 55% of
human communication may occur through non verbal facial expressions, and a
further 38% through paralanguage. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal
elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of
emoticons to convey emotional expressions in pictorial form.
•
Oral communication :
Oral
communication, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can
also employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of
meaning. Oral communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions, and
aspects of interpersonal communication. As a type of face-to-face
communication, body language and choice tonality play a significant role, and
may have a greater impact upon the listener than informational content. This
type of communication also garners immediate feedback.
•
Business communication :
A
business can flourish only when all objectives of the organization are achieved
effectively. For efficiency in an organization, all the people of the
organization must be able to convey their message properly.
2. WHAT IS BUSINESS?
A
business, also known as an enterprise or a firm, is an organization involved in
the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are prevalent in
capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods
and services to customers for profit. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or
state-owned. A business owned by multiple individuals may be referred to as a
company, although that term also has a more precise meaning.
The
etymology of "business" stems from the state of being busy, and
implies commercially viable and profitable work. The term "business"
has at least three usages, depending on the scope in which it is used. A
business can mean a particular organization, while a more generalized usage
refers to a particular market sector, i.e. "the music business".
Compound forms such as agribusiness represent subsets of the word's broadest
meaning, which encompasses all the activity by all the suppliers of goods and
services.
Basic
forms of business ownership. Forms of business ownership vary by jurisdiction,
but several common forms exist:
•
Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is owned by one person and operates
for profit. The owner may operate the business alone or employ other people. A
sole proprietor has unlimited liability for all obligations incurred by the
business, whether from operating costs or judgements against the business. All
assets of the business belong to a sole proprietor, including, for example,
computer infrastructure, any inventory, manufacturing equipment and/or retail
fixtures, as well as any real property owned by the business.
•
Partnership: A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. In most
forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts
incurred by the business. The three most prevalent types of for-profit
partnerships are general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited
liability partnerships.
•
Corporation: The owners of a corporation have limited liability and the
business has a separate legal personality from its owners. Corporations can be
either government-owned or owned by individuals. They can organize either for
profit or as not-for-profit organizations. A non-government for-profit
corporation is owned by its shareholders, who elect a board of directors to
direct the corporation and hire its managerial staff. A privately owned,
for-profit corporation can be either privately held by a small group of
individuals, or publicly held, with publicly traded shares listed on a stock
exchange.
•
Cooperative: Often referred to as a "co-op", a cooperative is a
limited liability business that can organize for-profit or not-for-profit. A
cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, not
shareholders, and they share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are
typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives.
Cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of economic democracy.
CLASSIFICATION
OF BUSINESS:
•
Agriculture and mining businesses produce raw material, such as plants or
minerals.
Financial
businesses include banks and other companies that generate profits through
investment and management of the capital.
Information
businesses generate profits primarily from the sale of intellectual property
and include movie studios, publishers and internet and software companies.
•
Manufacturers produce products, from raw materials or from component parts,
then sell their products at a profit. Companies that make tangible goods such
as cars, clothing or pipes are considered manufacturers.
Real
estate businesses sell, rent, and develop properties including land,
residential homes, and other buildings.
•
Retailers and distributors act as middlemen and get goods produced by
manufacturers to the intended consumers, and make their profits by marking up
their price. Most stores and catalog companies are distributors or retailers.
•
Service businesses offer intangible goods or services and typically charge for
labor or other services provided to government, consumers, or other businesses.
Interior decorators, consulting firms and even entertainers are service
businesses.
•
Transportation businesses deliver goods and individuals to their destinations
for a fee.
•
Utilities produce public services such as electricity or sewage treatment,
usually under a government charter.
3. WHAT IS BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION?
A
business can flourish only when all objectives of the organization are achieved
effectively. For efficiency in an organization, all the people of the
organization must be able to convey their message properly. Business
communication is communication that promotes a product, service, or
organization; relays information within a business; or functions as an official
statement from a company.
4. MAKE A CIRCLE OF
GOOD COMMUNICATION.
SENDER--------->MESSAGE--------->CHANNEL-------->RECEIVER
--------->FEEDBACK---------SENDER
Softskill assignment
Andhika Adhitya Lestary
3Sa04/ 106112712
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